Photographer's Note
The Boiling Nuclear Superheater (BONUS) Reactor Facility, also known to the locals as "Domes", or formally as Museo Tecnologico BONUS Dr. Modesto Iriarte, is a decommissioned nuclear plant in Rincón, Puerto Rico. It was listed on the U.S. National Register of Historic Places in 2007.
BONUS was developed as a prototype nuclear power plant to investigate the technical and economic feasibility of the integral boiling-superheating concept. This small-scale nuclear reactor produced saturated steam in the central portion of the reactor core, superheated it in four surrounding superheater sections of the same core, and then used the superheated steam in a direct loop to drive a turbine generator. It was one of only two boiling-water superheater reactors ever developed in the United States.
Construction of BONUS began in 1960 through a combined effort of the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission and Puerto Rico Water Resources Authority. The reactor first achieved a controlled nuclear chain reaction on April 13, 1964. Operation of the BONUS reactor was terminated in June 1968 because of technical difficulties and the ensuing need for high-cost modifications. The Puerto Rico Water Resources Authority decommissioned the reactor between 1969 and 1970.
During decommissioning, all special nuclear materials (fuel) and certain highly activated components (e.g., control rods and shims) were removed to the mainland, all piping systems were flushed, the reactor vessel and associated internal components within the biological shield were entombed in concrete and grout, and systems external to the entombment were decontaminated. Many contaminated and activated materials were placed in the main circulation pump room beneath the pressure vessel and entombed in concrete. General decontamination of the reactor was performed with the goal of meeting unrestricted use criteria in all accessible areas of the building. Residual radioactive materials remaining in the structure were isolated or shielded to protect site visitors and workers. During subsequent years, more radioactive contamination was identified in portions of the building, and additional cleanup and shielding activities were conducted in the 1990s and early 2000s.
This is a panoramic view stitched from two photos taken from Rincon Lighthouse Park.
________________
Yerlilerince ayrıca "Kubbeler", ya da resmen Museo Jeronimo BONUS Dr Modesto Iriarte olarak bilinen Kaynama Nükleer Aşırı İsıtıcı (BONUS) Reaktör Tesisi, Rincon, Porto Riko bir kapatılmış nükleer tesistir. 2007 yılında ABD Ulusal Tarihi Yerler Kayıdında listelenmiştir.
BONUS tümlev kaynama - kızdırma kavramının teknik ve ekonomik fizibilitesini araştırmak için bir prototip nükleer santral olarak geliştirilmiştir. Bu küçük ölçekli nükleer reaktör reaktör çekirdeğin orta kısmında doymuş buhar üretir, aynı çekirdeği çevreleyen dört "süper ısıtıcı" bölümde kızdırır, ve de kızdırılmış buharı bir türbin jeneratör sürücüye direkt döngüde kullanır.
Bu, şimdiye kadar ABD'de geliştirilen sadece iki kaynar su kızdırıcı reaktörden biriydi.
BONUS İnşaatı ABD Atom Enerjisi Komisyonu ve Porto Riko Su Kaynakları Kurumunun kombine çabaları ile 1960 yılında başladı. Reaktörde ilk olarak 13 Nisan 1964 tarihinde kontrollü nükleer zincir reaksiyonu elde edildi. BONUS reaktörün çalıştırılması, teknik zorluklar ardından gelen yüksek maliyetli değişikliklere ihtiyaç nedeniyle Haziran 1968de sona erdirildi. Porto Riko Su Kaynakları Kurumu 1969 ve 1970 yılları arasında reaktörü devreden çıkardı.
Çıkarılması esnasında, tüm özel nükleer malzeme (yakıt) ve bazı çok aktif bileşenlerin (örneğin, kontrol çubukları ve levhaları) anakaraya yollandı, tüm boru sistemleri temizlendi, reaktör teknesi ve biyolojik kalkanın içinde ilişkili iç bileşenleri beton ve harç mezarlara gömüldü, gömülmenin dışındaki sistemler arındırıldı. Pek çok kirlenmiş ve aktif maddeler basınç kabı altında, ana sirkülasyon pompa odası içine yerleştirilmiş ve betonla gömülmüştür. Reaktörün genel dekontaminasyonu binanın tüm erişilebilir alanlarında sınırsız kullanım kriterlerini karşılama hedefi ile gerçekleştirildi. Yapıda kalan radyoaktif malzemeler site ziyaretçilerini ve çalışanları korumak için izole edildi veya kaplandı. Sonraki yıllarda, binanın kısımlarında daha fazla radyoaktif kirlenme tespit edilmiş ve ek temizleme ve koruma faaliyetleri 1990'larda ve 2000'lerin başında yapılmıştır.
Bu Rincon Deniz Feneri Parkından alınan iki fotoğraftan dikişli bir panoramik görünümdür.
serp2000, abmdsudi, ikeharel, pierrefonds has marked this note useful
Critiques | Translate
serp2000
(47063) 2013-12-28 20:35
Good evening, Murat,
Thanks for so informative note,'cause my first idea was that this sea view is a good bonus for the cold winter. )) Oh, I see you are publishing your archive photos. ;)
Happy New Year!
And all the best wishes from Sri Lanka!
Serghei
abmdsudi
(81706) 2013-12-28 20:44
Hi Murat
The popping bubble green is indeed a real bonus certainly grabs the attention to otherwise this just looks an ordinary blue-water-sky-sand beach scape.
The pano suits really well, it's well exposed with excellent colour contrast, and thanks to the infor notes. Well done.
Best regards
Nicou
(188656) 2013-12-29 1:36
Hello
fantastique panorama de bor de mer avec la plage ce sable les vagues cette végétation qui ressort un oiseau qui passe devant la coupole sueprbe.
Bravo et beau dimanche
Nicou
lousat
(121153) 2013-12-29 1:58
Hi Murat,very interesting note and a beautiful pic with this large view on the beach and on the boiler hidden in the forest,great details and colors despite the cloudy day,i like it! Happy New Year and thanks for share,Luciano
ikeharel
(98920) 2013-12-29 2:22
Hello Murat,
Nicely combined two photos over the marvelous beach scenery.
The green dome "emerges" from within the forest, gave good focal point over, while a good clarity showing the palm trees on the far side small stretch of land.
Have a nice Suday and happy new year,
Ike
Subhogen
(4067) 2013-12-29 7:27
Hello Murat,
Beautiful picture of the sea and the lovely beach. I was wondering why it is deserted, then I read you note about the decommissioned nuclear plant. It is kind of sad.
The green bubble justifies your note and adds a different dimension to this otherwise beautiful scenery. Thanks for sharing.
Regards,
Subho
eldancer1
(36343) 2013-12-29 7:30
Beautiful seascape! Nice catch of the seagull and I can almost hear the waves hitting the beach. Good lighting and sharp details. Well done, tfs.
Miguel82
(36100) 2013-12-29 19:45
What a nice view of Puerto Rico coastline Murat, many waves the day of the capture, sea almonds and coconut trees are visible, good view of that creek, greetings
jemaflor
(125857) 2013-12-31 4:07
Hi Murat,
good pov on this lovely beach, interesting dynamic effect with waves, impressive dome, tfs.
Bonne Année 2014 !
jmdias
(92113) 2014-01-06 15:23
murat
curious image with these details of the rounded building and this marvelous beach. even the sea gull is well shown. TFS.
hugs
jorge
pierrefonds
(93705) 2014-04-04 4:28
Hi Murat,
The distance between the beach and the horizon is giving depth to the composition. You have captured well the power of the waves. The point of view is showing the details and the colors of the tropical scenery. Have a nice day.
Pierre
Photo Information
-
Copyright: Murat Tanyel (mcmtanyel)
(54727)
- Genre: Places
- Medium: Color
- Date Taken: 2009-03-13
- Categories: Nature, Architecture
- Camera: KODAK P880, JPEG Normal
- Exposure: f/3.6, 1/1000 seconds
- More Photo Info: view
- Map: view
- Photo Version: Original Version
- Date Submitted: 2013-12-28 20:25